Topic
The COSMIC PTL focuses on the development and use of new, advanced experimental models for translational research in health and biology. It draws on cutting-edge technologies such as organoids, organoids-on-a-chip, multi-organ systems, and synthetic cells and tissues. These models provide a better understanding of complex biological mechanisms and offer alternatives to animal models. These innovations open up new possibilities, particularly in disease modeling, drug screening, personalized medicine, and tissue engineering.
The PTL aims to promote developments in two important subtopics:
Complexification and Maturation of Complex Cellular Systems/Organoids
Complex cellular systems and organoids cultured in the laboratory replicate certain morphological and functional characteristics of an organ or tissue. Key aspects of the increasing complexity of advanced cellular systems and organoids include: the ability to mimic the physiological functions of actual organs; cellular and molecular interactions that replicate the interactions between different cell types; the immune response, which can either contribute to resolving the disease or, conversely, exacerbate it; and vascularization to supply nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the organoid and to facilitate the removal of metabolic waste. This approach will undoubtedly open up new avenues for discovery in the fields of cancer, infectious diseases, degenerative diseases, allergies, and the study of the impact of pollutants, among others.
Development of Multi-Organ Models
A major drawback of complex cellular systems and organoids is that they are limited to reproducing the microphysiology specific to a single organ or tissue. They primarily mimic isolated parts, without interactions between different organs. The development of multi-organ-on-chip systems makes it possible to replicate the complex interactions between different organs and tissues, thereby offering a more holistic perspective on physiology. They also enable the study of the systemic effects of drugs and toxins, as well as the mechanisms underlying multifactorial diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their potential, multi-organoid-on-chip systems do not yet perfectly replicate the complexity and dynamics of in vivo organ interactions. Continuous improvements are needed to refine these models and make them more predictive. Another approach for studying inter-organ communication is the use of assembloids, in which organoids from multiple tissues are formed individually before being assembled.